Just to add some insights on the DH topic without being misunderstood of making a scientific article. About the high temperature system (110/90 or 90/70) and the use of a low temperature scheme (50/30).
In the current operation of high temperature DH systems the return line (70-90C) can be used in heating houses at a relatively lower temperature scheme. Of course these houses heating system needs to be designed on that basis. In addition, another possibility of combining the system for individual group of houses with a ground heat pump may be thought of to cover the peaks for the domestic hot water. The integration of that is expected to be energy efficient. In Finland cooling is not needed for a common residential building (no glass facades) but with the climate change they might need to simply pass the fresh air over the heat pump evaporator and deliver the fresh air mechanically. The cost is not big for having extra openings, a suitable duct work plus a fan. The extracted energy in that case won't be of a big concern but more the aim is to utilize the existing machinery. The delivered heating energy is the crucial task and the covered/demand needs to be 100% guaranteed.
Next time let's talk more about ground source heat pump :)
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